
Rather, non-parametric tests such as Mann Whitney-U test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Kruskal-Wallis test should be used. Due to the ordinal nature of the data, generally parametric tests (i.e. we can only say that one score is higher than another. Likert-type data is an ordinal data, i.e.Each Likert scale consists of at least four or more Likert-type items, all measuring a single variable. Each Likert item can be analyzed either separately (also called as Likert-type data) or summed to create a score for a group of items (summative scales, Likert scales). Third, the inter-rater reliability is also estimated as test-retest in SPSS.Īfter determining the reliability of the instrument, analysis of Likert data is carried out. In SPSS, the test-retest is calculated by bivariate correlation which is denoted by the Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r). Second, the test-retest reliability is calculated. A Cronbach’s alpha value of ≥0.7 is accepted. internal consistency) is measured by estimating the Cronbach’s alpha. First, the uniformity in response within the instrument (i.e. This is achieved by three different ways. 7 and 9 levels are also sometimes used.īefore analyzing the Likert scale data, the reliability of the instrument or scale is performed. Generally 5 levels of responses are used i.e.

Likert item measures the participants’ level of agreement to a statement, such as “strongly agree” or “neutral” or “disagree” which are orderly numbered. Each question or statement of the questionnaire forms the “Likert item”. a scale which measures individual differences) that is commonly used in survey research involving questionnaires (i.e. Likert scale is a psychometric scale (i.e.
